Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering

Specific features of modeling distributed generation within electrical network structures using different software packages

D.V. Smirnov, D.O. Danylchenko — Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the specific features of modeling distributed generation in the structure of electrical networks using different software packages. The work aims to identify the software that provides the necessary functionality, accuracy of calculations, ease of use, and license availability, while also considering the specific characteristics of Ukrainian electrical networks.

Methodology. Analysis of literary sources — applied to study the current state of the problem of distributed generation integration into electrical networks and to summarize both international and Ukrainian experience.

Comparative analysis — carried out to evaluate the functional capabilities of PowerFactory, Dakar Eleks, Matlab/Simulink, and Ansys according to the following criteria: modeling accuracy, computational performance, interface usability, availability of model libraries of distributed generation, the ability to model active and reactive power characteristics, voltage control characteristics, synchronization modes, and transient processes.

Findings. The key technical aspects of connecting distributed generation were identified, including the modeling of active and reactive power characteristics, voltage control characteristics, synchronization modes, transient processes, and automatic reconnection in accordance with the requirements of the Distribution System Code and the Transmission System Code. A comparative analysis of the functional capabilities of PowerFactory, Dakar Eleks, Matlab/Simulink, and Ansys was performed. International experience with the use of these software tools and the features of their adaptation to Ukrainian regulatory requirements were also analyzed.

Originality. A new approach is proposed for evaluating software packages for modeling the connection of distributed generation, which takes into account the specific features of Ukrainian electrical networks and the requirements of the Distribution System Code and the Transmission System Code.

Practical value. The results of this study can be applied in the process of selecting software for modeling the integration of distributed generation in Ukrainian electrical networks. The proposed approach makes it possible to reasonably determine optimal connection points, assess the influence of distributed generation on the operating conditions of the power system, and improve the efficiency of network development planning.

Analysis of special operating modes of industrial electrical networks with an isolated neutral

Yu.A. Papaika, O.G. Lysenko, M.M. Malyshko, O.V. Udovyk — Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Development of methodological and technical solutions aimed at improving energy efficiency and ensuring the reliability of power supply systems of industrial enterprises.

Methodology. System analysis of operating modes of power supply systems, experimental measurements using hardware–software complexes, and assessment of their impact on reliability and power quality indicators.

Results obtained. An approach to the formation of operating modes of power supply systems that contributes to improving energy efficiency has been proposed. The influence of transient processes on power quality has been investigated, and practical recommendations for optimizing the operation of energy-intensive enterprises have been substantiated.

Scientific Novelty. An innovative methodology for monitoring the insulation parameters of electrical networks operating at 6–10 kV has been developed, enabling diagnostics under real operating conditions.

Practical Value. The study proposes a comprehensive framework aimed at enhancing the energy efficiency and reliability of power supply systems. The obtained results are applicable to the modernization and optimization of industrial power networks.

Way to implementation in relay protection of the algorithm for searching for pre-fault operating conditions by using a neural network with backpropagation spot training

V.M. Tsiupa, D.O. Danylchenko — Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a novel method for searching critical and pre-fault operating conditions in power systems for relay protection setting calculation. The proposed approach is based on the integration of graph neural networks with deep reinforcement learning (GNN-DRL) and aims to significantly reduce computational time while maintaining high accuracy and ensuring protection selectivity.

Findings. It is demonstrated that the proposed GNN-DRL method achieves a 10–1000 times reduction in computational overhead compared to traditional brute-force approaches. The prediction accuracy exceeds 90%, while e-accuracy surpasses 98%. The method proves to be highly effective both in determining maximum fault currents for instantaneous overcurrent protection and in large-scale scenarios on extended test systems.

Originality. For the first time, the integration of graph neural networks with the Dueling Double Deep Q Network algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of searching for critical and pre-fault operating conditions in relay protection. A unique two-stage training framework, GLFE, is developed, combining elements of supervised and unsupervised learning. This enables high prediction accuracy while requiring significantly fewer training samples.

Practical value. The results of this study can be applied in the design of intelligent relay protection and automation systems for electric power networks. The proposed method is capable of adapting to fast-changing conditions in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy. Furthermore, the architecture can be extended to other optimization and control problems in complex energy environments.

Synthesis of a control system for a pulse current source of plasma arc

Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To synthesize analytically astatic digital system for stabilizing the plasmatron arc current according to the given direct indicators of quality and order of astaticism. Based on a continuous prototype as a result of solving the problem of determining the desired transfer function of a closed system. In addition to the given regulation time (one of the main indicators), it is necessary to provide additional requirements for quality in transient modes.

Methodology. Computer simulation method, separation method – optimal filtering and optimal deterministic control and methods for adjusting regulators.

Findings. A linearized discrete mathematical model of a pulse converter is substantiated; the generalized parameters of this model are determined. According to this model, the synthesis of regulators of a digital plasma arc current control system is calculated, analyzed and presented.

Digital systems have higher manufacturability and reliability. However, the task of synthesizing digital systems is more difficult compared to a similar task in the continuous case. The article is devoted to solving the problem of synthesizing a discrete automatic plasma arc current stabilization system, the implementation of which is carried out on the basis of the principle of output and influence control with specified direct quality indicators. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by quantitative examples.

Originality. The advantage of the considered method is that it can eliminate the methodological error in the synthesis of astatic digital systems caused by the discretization of the desired functions of continuous systems.

Practical value. The use of the implemented automated synthesis procedure allows: to increase the quality and productivity of developers at the stage of technical design of discrete control systems; to accelerate and automate the process of scientific research of digital control systems. The results presented in the work were used in the design of switching power supplies with current control.

Influence of battery voltage on the electromechanical characteristics of the stepper drive for rotation of the platform of a gas detonation mortar

B. Liubarskyi, S. Kryvosheiev, O. Eresko, V. Halytsia, O. Sakun, D. Liubarskyi — Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Determine the dependence of the influence of the battery voltage, which determines the level of its charge, on the maximum and vibration moments, as well as the effective value of the motor phase current, which identify the efficiency of the drive for rotating the platform of a gas-detonation mortar.

Methodology. Simulation modeling method.

Findings. A simulation model of a stepper drive has been developed, the peculiarity of which is the consideration of the design parameters of the load, stepper motor and semiconductor converter, parameters of the control system and stepper motor; a set of numerical experiments has been carried out on the simulation model to determine the influence of the battery voltage level and the setpoint current on the effective current of the motor phase, its vibration and maximum moments; it has been determined that controlling the setpoint current can lead to stabilization of the operating modes of the gas-detonation mortar platform rotation drive when the power battery is discharged and its voltage decreases. It has been determined that the effective value of the phase current is variable. The change in the effective current value from the setpoint current increases with an increase in the supply voltage from 2.41 A to 3.23 A at a battery voltage of 27 V. At low voltage values, the effect of the setpoint current on the effective value of the motor phase current is insignificant from 1.52 A to 1.58 A. When the battery voltage increases from 22 V to 27 V, a monotonous increase in the effective phase current is observed at all values of the setpoint current. The level of vibration torque on the motor shaft increases significantly with an increase in battery voltage. The setpoint current reduces the vibration level, however, this reduction is effective only at battery voltages from 26 V to 27 V. It has been determined that at high battery voltage values and high values of the setpoint current, a significant increase in maximum starting torques is observed. Therefore, when starting the drive, a forced reduction of the setpoint current to the level of 4.5 A is recommended.

Originality. For the first time, the dependences of the effective values of phase currents and the level of vibration, maximum moments of the stepper drive for rotating the platform of a gas-denotation mortar on the voltage of the power battery have been determined, which can be used when creating an automated control system.

Practical value. The obtained research results can be used in practice when creating an automated electric drive for turning a gas-detonation mortar based on a stepper motor by selecting the parameters of the setpoint current for the semiconductor converter, in accordance with the voltage level of the battery.

Generalized parameters of the excitation system of a synchronous drive with impact load

V.A. Borodai, R.O. Borovyk, O.Yu. Nesterova — Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To generalize the parameters of the original excitation control system for synchronous drives for the dissemination of their results to powerful production complexes operating in periodic shock load modes, which will contribute to the elimination of accidents due to the destruction of the electromagnetic system structure of synchronous machines of mechanisms of this type.

Methodology. The research used the provisions of the theory of electrical machines, the theory of automatic control, methods for solving optimization problems using the mathematical package MATHCAD, methods and techniques of structural modelling in the MATLAB environment of the SIMULINK component.

Findings. By solving the optimization problem, polynomial dependences of the forcing levels of the excitation system of the synchronous drive were obtained, taking into account the magnitude of the current load and the standard parameters of the elastic coupling, and also the parameters of the PI controller are determined with the refinement of the integral link coefficients, which allows avoiding excessive oscillations in the extreme load rollover process.

Originality. Taking into account the technological conditions of operation of the TPA-350 automatic machine tool for the production of solid-drawn pipes, an original sequence was proposed and polynomial dependences of the generalization of the main control parameters of the excitation system of a synchronous drive operating in the mode of periodic occurrence of extreme loads were obtained and the prospect of using this system as part of industrial exciters for powering inductor windings of powerful synchronous drives of metallurgical and crushing and grinding mechanisms is shown.

Practical value. The obtained polynomial dependences of the main parameters of the excitation control system forpowerful synchronous drives make it possible to recommend specific forcing values to manufacturers and designers, parameters of the PI controller and the intensity setter, which will avoid expensive repairs and downtime of the machine, which are associated with significant financial costs.