Investigation of the frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity in PZT piezoceramics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2020-1-1Keywords:
frequency dependence, specific electrical conductivity, piezoceramics, lead-zirconate titanate, electrical conductivity mechanismAbstract
Purpose. To investigate the frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity in piezoelectric ceramics based on solid solutions of lead-zirconate titanate oxides.
Methodology. To obtain the frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity in piezoelectric ceramics based on solid solutions of lead-zirconate titanate oxides, we used a technique for measuring the resistance of a sample with electrodes deposited on its opposite faces. Using the obtained resistance value, the value of the electrical conductivity of the sample was calculated at various frequencies.
Findings. The frequency dependence of the specific electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics based on solid solutions of lead-zirconate titanate oxides in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 60 kHz has been obtained by the authors. The specific electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics increased over the entire range of frequencies studied. A sharp increase in specific electrical conductivity was observed at frequencies up to 20 kHz. At frequencies of ν > 20 kHz the increase in specific electrical conductivity ceased and at frequencies of ν > 30 kHz its value reached saturation. The maximum value of specific electrical conductivity γ = 0.55 . 10-6 Ohm-1.m-1 was obtained at a frequency of 60 kHz. The frequency dependence of the specific electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 60 kHz is analyzed. It was found that the specific electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics increases according to a power law in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 10 kHz. The mechanism of changing the electrical conductivity in PZT piezoceramics with increasing frequency of the electric field is discussed. A formula is obtained that satisfactorily describes the experimental dependence of the specific electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics on the frequency of an alternating voltage in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 10 kHz and which corresponds to the power law of A. Ioncher. The specific electrical conductivity in the unpolarized PZT-19 piezoceramics increases in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 100 kHz. In the frequency range of 0 < ν < 20 kHz a power law dependence is observed and at frequencies of ν > 20 kHz a power law is violated and the specific electrical conductivity gradually increases without reaching saturation.
Originality. The frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 60 kHz is studied. It is established that the specific electrical conductivity in PZT-22 piezoceramics increases with increasing frequency of the electric field and in the frequency range of 0 < ν < 10 kHz, the nature of its change corresponds to the power law of A. Ioncher. The mechanism of change in electrical conductivity is due to the hopping conductivity of ions and polarons in a dielectric and is explained by the delay of slow polarization mechanisms. The nature of the dependence of the specific electrical conductivity in PZT-19 piezoelectric ceramics is due to the fact that polarization processes do not make a noticeable contribution to the dispersion of the electrical conductivity of unpolarized piezoceramics and the delay of slow polarization mechanisms is not observed.
Practical value. When using piezoceramics based on solid solutions of lead-zirconate titanate oxides, it is necessary to take into account the significant dependence of its electrical conductivity on the frequency of an alternating electric field. The research results can be used to study the mechanism of electrical conductivity of piezoceramic materials based on solid solutions of lead-zirconate titanate oxides, which are used in electrical and electronic products under the influence of alternating electric fields of various frequencies.
References
[1] Golovnin, V.A., Kaplunov, I.A., Malyshkina, O.V. i dr., (2013). Fizicheskie osnovy, metody issledovanija i prak-ticheskoe primenenie p'ezomaterialov. Moscow: Tehnosfera, 272. ISBN: 978-5-94836-352-3.
[2] Glozman, I.A. (1972). P'ezokeramika. M. Jenergija, 288.
[3] Jaffe, B., Kuk, U., Jaffe, G., (1974). P'ezojelektricheskaja keramika. Moscow.: Mir, 288.
[4] Bell, A.J., (2008). Ferroelectrics: The Role of Ceramic Science and Engineering. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 28(7), 1307-1317.
[5] Lajns, M., Glas, A., (1981). Segnetojelektriki i rodstvennye materialy. Moscow: Mir, 736.
[6] Smolenskij, G.A., Isupov, V.A., Pasynkov R.E. i dr. Otv. red. G.A. Smolenskij, (1985). Fizika segnetoelektricheskih yavlenij. Leningrad.: Nauka: Leningr. otd.-nie, 396.
[7] Fizika segnetojelektrikov: sovremennyj vzgljad / pod red. K.M. Rabe, Ch.G. Ana, Zh.-M. Triskona; per. s angl., (2011). Moscow: BINOM. Laboratorija znanij, 440.
[8] Trofimov, A.I. P'ezojelektricheskie preobrazovateli staticheskih nagruzok, (1979). Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 95.
[9] Sharapov, V.M., Musienko, E.V., Sharapova, M.P. Pod red. V.M. Sharapova, (2006). P'ezojelektricheskie datchiki. Moscow: Tehnosfera, 632. ISBN 5-94836-100-4.
[10] Androsova, V.G., Bronnikova, E.G., Vasil'eva, A.M. i dr. Pod red. P.E. Kandyby i P.G. Pozdnjakova, (1992). P'ezojelektricheskie rezonatory: Spravochnik M.: Radio i svjaz', 392. ISBN 5-256-00634-7.
[11] Tareev, B.M., (1982). Fizika dielektricheskih materialov, Moscow: Energoizdat, 320.
[12] Poplavko, Yu.M., (1980). Fizika dielektrikov K.: Visha shkola, 400.
[13] Kiselev, V.F., Krylov, O.V., (1979). Elektronnye yavleniya v adsorbcii i katalize na poluprovodnikah i dielektrikah. Moscow: Nauka, 112.
[14] Morozov, M.I., Damjanovic, D. (2010). Charge migration in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics and its relation to ageing, hardering and softening. J. of Applied Physics, 107, 3, 034106. DOI: 10.1016/0893-6080(88)90334-6
[15] Azad, Subhash Chandra, Ranjan, R., Singh, N.K., (2016). Study of Dielectric and Transport Properties of Gadolinium (Gd3+) Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate [PZT] Ceramics. Intern. J. of Research and Scientific Innovation, III, XI, 67-69. ISSN 2321-2705.
[16] Osak, Andrzej., (2017). AC low frequency conductivity in PZT PFS ferroelectric ceramics. Technical Transactions, 1, 173-185. DOI: 10.4467/1353737XCT.17.015.6112.
[17] Lejko, A.G., Gladkih, N.D., Nizhin, A.I., Starovojt, Ja.I., (2014). Jelektricheskie svojstva cilindricheskih p'ezokeramicheskih izluchatelej silovoj i kom-pensirovannoj konstrukcii s okruzhnoj poljarizaciej. Electronics and Communication, 19, 62-72. (in Russian)
[18] Deng, G., Li, G., Ding, A., Yin, Q., (2005). Evidence for oxygen vacancy inducing spontaneous normal-relaxor transition in complex perovskite ferroelectrics. Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 19, 192905. DOI: 10.1063/1.2125110.
[19] GOST II 0444-87. Materialy pezokeramicheskie. Tehnicheskie usloviya. (1987). Moscow, 144.
[20] Zolotarevskij, A.I., Lushchin, S.P., (2017). Issledovanie spektralnoj zavisimosti dielektricheskoj pronicaemosti nekotoryh polyarnih dielektrikov v diapazone nizkih chastot [The study of the spectral relationship of the dielectric permittivity of polar dielectrics in the low frequency range]. Elektrotehnika i elektroenergetika, 1, 5-10. (in Russian) DOI: 10.15588/1607-6761-2017-1-1.
[21] Zolotarevskij, A.I., Lushchin, S.P., (2018). Issledovanie chastotno-temperaturnoj zavisimosti dielektricheskoj pronicaemosti pezokeramiki CTS v diapazone nizkih chastot [Investigation of the frequency-temperature relationship of the dielectric permittivity of the PZT piezoceramics in the low frequency range]. Elektrotehnika i elektroenergetika, 1, 15-21. (in Russian) DOI: 10.15588/1607-6761-2018-1-2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 S.P. Lushchin, O.I. Zolotarevskiy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Licensing Notifications in the Copyright Notices
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
